Biological Harm due to X-rays

How do X-Rays affect living tissue?

Through ionization or excitation, x-rays can disrupt molecular bonds. Depending upon the molecules affected, ionization or excitation may cause repairable or non-repairable cellular damage.

The mechanism for cellular damage is dependant on the energy of the incident radiation. X-Rays are considered a poor mechanism for direct action on critical cell organelles. X-Rays are harmful more through indirect action, for example, by the creation of free radicals.